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Politics of Ukraine
Politics of Ukraine take place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the Cabinet. Legislative power is vested in the parliament (''Verkhovna Rada''). Scholars have described Ukraine's political system as "weak, fractured, highly personal and ideologically vacuous while the judiciary and media fail to hold politicians to account" (Dr. Taras Kuzio in 2009).〔(Populism in Ukraine in Comparative European Context ), Taras Kuzio (24 April 2009)〕〔〔(The Making of Regions in Post-Socialist Europe: The Impact of Culture, Economic Structure and Institutions, Vol. II:Case Studies from Poland, Hungary, Romania and Ukraine ) by Melanie Tatur, VS Verlag, 2004, ISBN 978-3-8100-3814-2 (page 111)〕 Ukrainian politics has been categorised as "over-centralised" which is seen as both a legacy of the Soviet system and caused by a fear of separatism.〔(Ukraine at a Crossroads ), Peter Lang, 2005, ISBN 978-3-03910-468-0 (page 43)〕〔(The Making of Regions in Post-Socialist Europe: The Impact of Culture, Economic Structure and Institutions, Vol. II:Case Studies from Poland, Hungary, Romania and Ukraine ) by Melanie Tatur, VS Verlag, 2004, ISBN 978-3-8100-3814-2 (page 349)〕
== Constitution of Ukraine ==
Shortly after becoming independent in 1991, Ukraine named a parliamentary commission to prepare a new constitution, adopted a multi-party system, and adopted legislative guarantees of civil and political rights for national minorities. A new, democratic constitution was adopted on June 28, 1996, which mandates a pluralistic political system with protection of basic human rights and liberties, and a presidential form of government.
The Constitution was amended in December 2004 to ease the resolution of the 2004 presidential election crisis. The consociationalist agreement transformed the form of government in a semi-presidentialism in which the President of Ukraine had to cohabit with a powerful Prime Minister.
The Constitutional Amendments took force between January and May 2006.
The Constitutional Court of Ukraine in October 2010 overturned the 2004 amendments, considering them unconstitutional.〔(Update: Return to 1996 Constitution strengthens president, raises legal questions ), Kyiv Post (October 1, 2010)〕 The present valid Constitution of Ukraine is therefore the 1996 text.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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